Glossary of Acronyms

Below is a glossary of acronyms used in Acklio's Documentation. They are listed in alphabetical order.

Acronym	Term	Definition
6LoWPAN	IPv6 Low power Wireless Personal Area Networks	An encapsulation and header compression mechanism that allows IPv6 packets to be sent and received over IEEE 802.15.4 networks.
ADR	Adaptive Data Rate	A mechanism that adapt the data rate in a LoRaWAN network to optimize airtime and energy consumption by adding gateways, and controls some transmission parameters of the end device.
AT	Attention	The Hayes command set (also known as the AT command set) is a protocol for controlling an external modem from a computer. The AT is an ATTENTION command used as a prefix to other parameters in a string.
AT Modem		A modem allowing serial communications from a PC and the application to flash on the physical module (i.e. board) to enable communication with the device.
BACnet	Building Automation and Control Networks	BACnet is a communication protocol for Building Automation and Control (BAC) networks that was designed to allow communication of building automation and control systems and their associated equipment.
CoAP	Constrained Application Protocol	CoAP is a service layer protocol that is intended for use in resource-constrained internet devices, such as wireless sensor network nodes.
DLMS	Device Language Message Specification	DLMS is the standard language for smart meters, and more generally, smart devices.
DTLS	Datagram Transport Layer Security	A communication protocol based on the stream-oriented TLS protocol that provides security to datagram-based applications. It uses UDP or SCTP rather than TCP.
HES	Head End System	A head-end system is a hardware or software that receives the stream of meter data brought back to the utility through the Advanced Metering Infrastructure (AMI).
IP/tun	IP tunnel	An IP tunnel is an Internet Protocol network communication channel established between two disjoint networks. It is used to transport another network protocol by encapsulation of its packets.
IPv6	Internet Protocol version 6	IP is the communication protocol that provides an identification and location system for computers on networks and routes traffic across the Internet.
LNS	LoRa(WAN) Network Server	The LoRaWAN Network Server is a central element of any LoRaWAN network. It manages the gateways, acknowledges devices and manages uplink and downlink data exchange between the devices and the applications.
LoRa	Long Range	LoRa is a proprietary LPWAN modulation technique that enables long-range transmissions with low-power consumption. It is a physical layer.
LoRaWAN	Long Range Wide Area Network	Since LoRa defines the lower physical layer, the upper networking layer is defined by LoRaWAN. It controls the hardware but acts mainly as a network layer managing communication between LPWAN gateways and end-node devices as a routing protocol.
LPWAN	Low Power Wide Area Network	A low-power wide-area network is a type of wireless telecommunication wide area network designed to allow long-range communications at a low bit rate among things (connected objects), such as sensors operated on a battery.
LTE-M (LTE-MTC)	Long Term Evolution Machine Type Communication	Type of LPWAN radio technology standard developed by 3GPP to enable a wide range of cellular devices and services, specifically for machine-to-machine and IoT applications. It requires more bandwidth than NB-IoT.
LwM2M	Light-weight Machine 2 Machine	The LwM2M standard defines the application layer communication protocol between an LwM2M server and an LwM2M client, which is located on an IoT device.
MAC	Medium Access Control	A sublayer that controls the hardware responsible for interaction with the wired, optical or wireless transmission medium.
MTU	Maxium Transmission Unit	MTU is the size of the largest protocol data unit (PDU) that can be communicated in a single network layer transaction. The MTU relates to, but is not identical to the maximum frame size that can be transported on the data link layer, e.g. Ethernet frame.
NB-IoT	Narrow Band Internet of Things	LPWAN radio technology standard developed by 3GPP for cellular devices and services. It focuses specifically on indoor coverage. IoT applications that require more frequent communications will be better served by NB-IoT.
OSCORE	Object Security for Constrained RESTful Environments	A lightweight IoT security protocol (standardized in RFC 8613) that is designed specifically for constrained nodes. It protects CoAP and CoAP-mappable HTTP requests and responses end-to-end across intermediary nodes such as CoAP forward proxies and cross-protocol translators including HTTP-to-CoAP proxies.
QoS	Quality of Service	Measurement of the overall performance of a network service, that takes packet loss, bit rate, throughput, transmission delay, availability, etc. into consideration with the aim of optimizing the resources of the network and guarantee good performance for critical applications.
RoHC	Robust Header Compression	A method standardized in RFC 30951 for compressing IP, UDP, RTP and TCP headers of network packets. The compression depends on a steep learning phase that depends on the network traffic and the data flows.
SCHC ("Chic")	Static Context Header Compression	Standard compression and fragmentation mechanism defined in the IPv6 over LPWAN working group at the IETF (8724). This adapation layer offers compression and fragmentation of IPv6/UDP/CoAP packets to allow their transmission over the low-power wide-area networks (LPWAN).
SCTP	Stream Control Transmission Protocol	Computer networking communication protocol in the transport layer. It provides the message-oriented feature of UDP while ensuring in-sequence transport of messages with congestion control like TCP.
Sigfox		French global network operator that builds wireless networks to connect low-power objects such as electricity meters and smart watches.
ToA	Time on Air	When a signal is sent from a sender it takes a certain amount of time before a receiver receives this signal. This time is called Time on Air (ToA).
UDP	User Datagram Protocol	With UDP, computer applications can send messages (referred to as datagrams) to other hosts on an IP network. Prior communications to set up communications channels or data paths are not required, it uses a simple connectionless communication model.
YANG	Yet Another Next Generation	YANG is a data modeling language for the definition of data sent over network management protocols such as the NETCONF and RESTCONF.
YOUPI	YANG Object Universal Parsing Interface	YOUPI is a way to add information to a YANG model in order to be able to parse binary information and to convert it to another type like JSON or CBOR. It is possible to add semantic information as well, so that JSON-LD is generated.